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To get the most out of these large, expensive computers, engineers invented time-sharing, which allowed several or many people to use a large computer at the same time, sometimes remotely through teletypes. To varying degrees, they required a specially trained staff to run, and were generally only owned by large organizations such as governments, corporations, and universities. Why one person at a time? Because before the personal computer era, most computers were very large and very expensive. It typically referred to a new wave of small, microprocessor-based computers that were inexpensive enough to be owned and operated by one person at a time. That debate comes from the meaning of the term “personal computer” itself, which can vary depending on subjective criteria such as size, price, commercial availability, and more.īroadly speaking, the concept of a “personal computer” emerged in America in the mid-1970s (although the term itself reportedly originated in 1968, and early contenders shipped in 1971). For example, just what constituted the “first personal computer” is constantly up for debate, much like the first video game. What makes a personal computer? It’s a contentious topic among historians. “Personal computer” is a broad historical category that predated the IBM PC, and it that can include computers like Macs, Commodores, Ataris, and more.īut wait-what is a personal computer anyway? The Birth of the Personal Computer Since “PC” is short for “personal computer,” the term can apply to other types of machines as well. So when people say “PC” these days, they usually mean a computer running Windows, although sometimes people clarify by saying “Windows PC” instead.Įven so, IBM didn’t pull the term “personal computer” out of thin air, and that’s where things get complicated.
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While Windows did briefly appear on alternative architectures (and can also run on ARM chips currently in a special version), it’s historically been tied primarily to the PC-compatible platform.
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Microsoft Windows originated on the IBM PC platform as a graphical shell that ran on top of MS-DOS, which originated in 1981 alongside the IBM PC.
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These PCs could use peripherals and software created for that platform and its clones. At that point, the term “PC compatible” or just “PC” became a generic catchall for non-IBM computers that descended from the IBM PC.
Within a few years, companies began cloning IBM PCs and creating compatible machines without the IBM label. Since the product’s name was a mouthful, people almost immediately began calling it the “IBM PC” for short.
In August 1981, IBM released the IBM Personal Computer in the United States.
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